شرح المطلوب فى كادر اللغة الإنجليزية

Language Functions...

وظائف لغوية


- Persuasion الاقناع		الاقناع
·1 Can’t I persuade you to… ·2 It would be great if we…. ·3 Oh, come on! Please…
- Disappointment		الاحباط/ خيبة الأمل
·1 Oh, no! Oh, dear! ·2 What a pity! ·3 It’s a shame! ·4 How disappointing! ·5 What a shame! ·6 I felt really let down. ·7 I was so disappointed.


- Sympathy		التعاطف
·1 How sad! / How terrible! ·2 Poor Ali! ·3 I was so sorry to hear…… ·4 My deepest sympathy and condolences. ·5 That’s bad luck.
- Late advice		نصيحة متأخرة
·1 What you should have done was…. ·2 You shouldn’t have ( p.p.) ·3 You should have ( p.p.) ·4 I wouldn’t have done that. ·5 Why didn’t you……? ·6 If I had been you, I would have…. ·7 You really should have asked me.


- Concession		تنازل
·1 All right. Ok. ·2 If you say so. ·3 I can’t argue with that. ·4 I give up. ·5 You have got a point. ·6 I take your point. ·7 There is no answer to that.
- Deduction & Conclusion		استنتاج / خلاصة
·1 It follows that….. ·2 ……., so it must be…. ·3 If…., then it can…… ·4 Therefor……… ·5 It has to be…… ·6 This means that…….


-Giving Clarification		توضيح
·1 let me explain! The……. ·2 what I mean is….. ·3 what I’m trying to say is….. ·4 what I really meant was….. ·5 For example…… ·6 I mean………
- Refusal		رفض
·1 No, thank you. ·2 Because I don’t want to…. ·3 No, certainly not. ·4 I refuse. ·5 Why should I ? ·6 never! / heaven forbid.


- Surprise		الدهشة
·1 Oh, really? Are you sure? ·2 I'm surprised to hear that. ·3 Good Heavens! Extraordinary. ·4 I am amazed to discover this. ·5 I am surprised. ·6 It is amazing! ·7 It is surprizing. - Indifference اللامبالاة/ عدم الاكتراث · So what ! · Who cares?! · I couldn’t care less. · I’m not interested. · It’s all the same to me. · What’s the point?! · I’m easy. It doesn’t matter to me.


- Responsibility		المسؤولية
·1 I am responsible for that. ·2 I am liable for that. ·3 It is my resposibility / duty / task to ... ·4 It's up to me. [ It's = it is]
- Suggestion		الاقتراح
·1 What about/ How about having a meal in a restaurant? ·2 I suggest ... ·3 Why don't we visit Kareem tonight? ·4 Why not... ·5 You can... ·6 Have you ever thought of ...? ·7 Do you feel like ...? ·8 Let's ...


- Responsibility		المسؤولية
·1 I am responsible for that. ·2 I am liable for that. ·3 It is my resposibility / duty / task to ... ·4 It's up to me. [ It's = it is]
- Suggestion		الاقتراح
·1 What about/ How about having a meal in a restaurant? ·2 I suggest ... ·3 Why don't we visit Kareem tonight? ·4 Why not... ·5 You can... ·6 Have you ever thought of ...? ·7 Do you feel like ...? ·8 Let's ...


- Certainity		التأكيد
·1 Certainly. ·2 I'm (am) certain that... ·3 There is no doubt that... ·4 No doubt. ·5 I'm (am) sure that... ·6 My firm belief is that... ·7 Sure/ Surely.
- Probability		إمكانية حدوث الشيء
·1 Perhaps it will rain later. ·2 Perhaps. ·3 I may call on you this evening. ·4 It might be fine tomorrow. ·5 Maybe. ·6 Hamad will probably win the prize.


- Advice		النصيحة
·1 I advise you to ...... ·2 If I were you, I’d ………… [ I'd= I would] ·3 If I were in your shoes, I’d ………. [ I'd= I would] ·4 The best thing for you to do is … ·5 I think you should ………………… ·6 I think you’d better …………… [ you'd = you had] ·7 It is advisable to to ·8 I think you must ............ ·9 You'd better ................ ·10 Your best bet is to .................. ·11 If I were in your place, I'd . ·12 If I were in your position, I'd ....

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- Release from blame		رفع العتب
·1 Never mind. ·2 Forget it. ·3 It doesn't matter. ·4 You are not to blame. ·5 Don't worry. ·6 It is your fault. ·7 You are not responsible for that. ·8 It is not the end of the world.
- Opinion		الرأي
Asking for opinion ·1 What do you think of...? ·2 What's your opinion of/about...? Giving opinion ·1 In my opinion... ·2 I think (that)... ·3 I believe that... ·4 As I see, ... ·5 My point is... ·6 My view is...


- Pleasure		السعادة
·1 I feel great. ·2 How marvelous! ·3 I'm really pleased. ·4 I am really delighted. ·5 I cannot tell you how happy I am. ·6 It gives me great pleasure to ...
- Displeasure		الضيق
·1 I think it is terrible/awful/horrible! ·2 I am disgusted. ·3 It's disgusting. ·4 I can't stand it. ·5 I can't tell you how horrible it is. ·6 I can’t tell you how angry I’m / I was. ·7 That’s boring.


- Want /desire /will		الرغبة و الإرادة
·1 I'd rather spend the weekend in London. ·2 I would like to... ·3 I am quite anxious to +(inf.)... ·4 I feel like (---ing) ... ·5 I prefer (---ing) ... ·6 I fancy (---ing)... ·7 I wouldn't mind (---ing)... ·8 I am quite anxious for (noun/---ing)
- Blame		اللوم
·1 You are to blame. ·2 You must take the blame. ·3 you are responsible for that. ·4 (Just) Look at what you have done. ·5 You have only got yourself to blame. ·6 It is your fault. ·7 You shouldn't have done that. ·8 You are to blame.


- Apology		الاعتذار
·1 I am really sorry. ·2 I am terribly sorry. ·3 I can't tell you how sorry I am. ·4 Forgive me. ·5 I don't know what to say. ·6 I'd like to apologize. ·7 I do apologize.
- Agreement		الموافقة
·1 I agree. ·2 I accept that ................... ·3 I agree with you that …………... ·4 That is true. ·5 Of course, yes. ·6 I couldn't agree more. ·7 You are absolutely right. ·8 That is a good point. ·9 So we're agreed on that. ·10 You've got a point. ·11 (That is) True. ·12 I'll go along with that. ·13 Agreed.


- Disagreement		الرفض
·1 I disagree. ·2 I can't accept that. ·3 You can't be serious. ·4 Of course not. ·5 Impossible. ·6 Nonsense, Rubbish. ·7 You can't mean it. ·8 I can’t agree …………………. ·9 I don’t agree. ·10 I think you are mistaken. ·11 I won’t accept that.


- Partial Agreement		الموافقة الجزئية
Sometimes we only partly agree with what somebody says.... ·1 That may be so, but ... ·2 Yes, but ... ·3 I accept that, but ... ·4 Aren’t you forgetting that ... ·5 Yes, but ... ·6 On the whole, yes. ·7 I take your point, but... ·8 I'm not sure about that. ·9 Haven't you forgotten something?


- Obligation		الإلزام
·1 You should obey the traffic rules. ·2 -------------- is obligatory. ·3 -------------- is compulsory. ·4 You have to... ·5 You must.... ·6 You are obliged to... ·7 You are to... ·8 It is compulsory to... ·9 You have got to... ·10 It is obligatory to... duty [الواجب] ·1 You had better….. ·2 It’s your duty to… ·3 I’ve got an obligation to…. ·4 I can’t get out of it. ·5 I have got to…. ·6 I feel obliged to… ·7 You have a duty to…. Reponsibility [المسئوليه] ·1 I’m responsible. ·2 You will be liable for… ·3 You have to answer for it.

Prohibtion الحظر او المنع ·1 It’s forbidden. ·2 It’s prohibited. ·3 It’s not allowed. / You can’t do that. Promises [الوعود] ·1 You undertook to…. ·2 You promised to…. ·3 You agreed to… ·4 A promise is a promise!
- Intention		القصد والنية
·1 I am planning to... ·2 I have decided to... ·3 I intend to... ·4 I have made up my mind to... ·5 I am determined... ·6 I propose to... ·7 I mean to... ·8 I plan to...

Prohibtion الحظر او المنع ·1 It’s forbidden. ·2 It’s prohibited. ·3 It’s not allowed. / You can’t do that. Promises [الوعود] ·1 You undertook to…. ·2 You promised to…. ·3 You agreed to… ·4 A promise is a promise!
- Intention		القصد والنية
·1 I am planning to... ·2 I have decided to... ·3 I intend to... ·4 I have made up my mind to... ·5 I am determined... ·6 I propose to... ·7 I mean to... ·8 I plan to...


- Congratulation		التهنئة
·1 I congratulate you on your success. ·2 Congratulations. ·3 Many happy returns. ·4 Fantastic. Well done.
- Preference		التفضيل
·1 I like apples more than bananas. ·2 I prefer apples to bananas. ·3 I'd rather have a cup of coffee. [ I'd= I would]
- Approval		الاستحسان
·1 Well done. ·2 I enjoyed it. ·3 I have never seen/ heard/ tasted anything like this before. ·4 Fantastic / wonderful / Splendid / great / Tasty. ·5 I approve of ... ·6 I think it's ( lovely, marvelous, great...).


- Approval		الاستحسان
·1 Well done. ·2 I enjoyed it. ·3 I have never seen/ heard/ tasted anything like this before. ·4 Fantastic / wonderful / Splendid / great / Tasty. ·5 I approve of ... ·6 I think it's ( lovely, marvelous, great...).
- Disapproval		عدم الاستحسان
·1 How bad! ·2 I disapprove of... ·3 Disapproved. ·4 I didn't enjoy that.


- Polite Request		الطلب المهذب
·1 Will / Would you help me, please? ·2 Could you help me, please? ·3 Can you help me, please? ·4 Would you .....? ·5 Would/ do you mind helping me? ·6 May I have this, please? ·7 I'd be grateful/thankful if you could help me. ·8 I wonder if you could...
- Anxiety		القلق
·1 I'm very worried. ·2 I'm very concerned. ·3 You'll be careful, won't you. ·4 I hope nothing goes wrong. ·5 I am very anxious about that. ·6 I feel very anxious... ·7 Anything could have happened.

ERROR CORRECTION

There are three basic types of error correction:

1. [Teacher correction]
The teacher corrects the student.

2.[Self correction]

The teacher indicates the student has made a mistake or error and gives the student an opportunity to self-correct.

3. [Peer correction]

The teacher asks other students to correct the [[mistake]] or [[error]].

A decision to correct or not is based on many factors: the most important criteria is whether the activity you are doing is for [[accuracy]] or [[fluency

How:

1. Let the students make mistakes. They need to. We all learn best through making mistakes. Trial and error is the name of the game.

2. Give the students time to realize they've made a mistake and try to correct it themselves. If they can't, maybe someone else can help them. If nobody can help then you can either step in and give the correct form or make a note of it for later.

3. As far as possible, correct mistakes anonymously. Do this by making notes of students' mistakes as you monitor for further explanation) then putting them on the board later and give the students themselves the opportunity to correct them, in pairs or small groups. If no one knows the right answer, give it to them, but only as a last resort. Anonymous [/size][/size]مجهول المصدرerror correction is a kind way to deal with mistakes. It isn't important who made the mistake originally - the point is, can the students all correct it?

When a student makes a mistake it is usually counter-productive to say "No!"/"That's wrong!"/"Are you serious?"/"How long did you say you've been studying English?" etc. It's often kinder to say "Not bad"/"Nearly"/"Good try"/"That's an interesting mistake" etc.

The ability to correct themselves when they make a mistake is an important one for students to develop. Encourage it and give them time to correct themselves - don't jump in immediately to correct them, keen though you are to prove that you are doing your job. Most students (and indeed some teachers) seem to think that it is the teacher's job to correct students mistakes but this is not necessarily so. Yes, teachers can correct their students endlessly but how will that help the students' when they go out into the big wide world - who will be there to correct them then?

It's much better for the students if they get into the habit of listening to themselves when they are speaking and correct themselves as they go along. Obviously they won't be able to correct all the mistakes they make but they will be able to correct a lot of them.

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